Introduction
PAT tests (Puppy Aptitude Test) are a tool used to evaluate the predispositions of puppies at around 7 weeks of age. They allow breeders and future owners to determine the temperament, learning abilities, and character traits of each dog. Properly conducted tests help match the puppy to its future environment and the owner's lifestyle.
The Purpose of the Tests
The goal of the tests is to assess traits such as:
Reactivity – how the puppy responds to unusual situations. It indicates confidence and the ability to cope in new circumstances.
Type of defensive reflex – evaluating tendencies to react to stress, such as biting, fleeing, or freezing. It shows whether the dog is more passive or active in response.
Tendency to dominate – determining the desire to lead, the level of acceptance of human dominance, and the willingness to submit.
Social drive – the degree of interest in humans and willingness to cooperate, which is crucial for working and family dogs.
Sound sensitivity – identifying the noise level at which the dog shows fear responses or a desire to flee. This is particularly important for hunting and working dogs.
Touch sensitivity – indicates the appropriate training method, especially relevant for dogs with an active defensive reflex.
Test Procedure
The tests consist of several exercises evaluating different behaviors of the puppy. They are conducted in a new, safe, and neutral environment, without the presence of the mother and littermates, to ensure the most reliable results (e.g., a room the puppy has not previously entered). The test is performed by someone new to the puppy (not the breeder – this is crucial).
Social drive – the breeder places the puppy in a room, and the tester attempts to call it over using body language and sounds.
Following the human – the tester stands up and takes a few steps away, encouraging the puppy to follow.
Freedom restriction – assesses the puppy’s reaction to gentle immobilization – does it submit or struggle?
Social dominance – reaction to petting and interaction with a human.
Dominance when lifted – evaluation of the puppy’s response when lifted off the ground.
Interest in retrieving – tests the puppy's predisposition to retrieving and cooperating with humans.
Touch sensitivity – the tester gently pinches the puppy’s skin and gradually increases pressure. The time it takes for the puppy to show signs of discomfort is measured.
Reaction to sound – the puppy is placed in the center of a room, and the tester makes a sudden, sharp noise (e.g., a recording from a phone or striking a spoon against a bowl).
Visual stimulus sensitivity – the tester suddenly moves an object within the puppy’s field of vision (e.g., a rolled-up towel).
Composure – a sudden gesture is introduced that the puppy has not frequently encountered, such as opening an umbrella and placing it on the ground.
Interpretation of Results
Each test is evaluated on a six-point scale, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of a puppy’s predispositions, including temperament, reactions to stimuli, and potential for specific roles (family dog, sports dog, working dog). The test takes breed predispositions into account. It highlights the dominant traits in a puppy, which may influence the best match between the puppy and its future owner.
Dominant Puppies – exhibit high confidence, independence, and initiative. They are quick decision-makers, brave, and eager to explore. They require a consistent and experienced owner who can provide clear rules and proper guidance. Such dogs can be excellent candidates for work (sports, service) or for individuals with experience in dog training.
Balanced Puppies – have an optimal level of confidence, willingness to cooperate, and resistance to stress. They are easier to handle since they do not show extreme dominance or excessive submissiveness. They are the best choice for most families and individuals looking for a companion dog, but also for future sports or working dogs in less demanding roles.
Submissive or Sensitive Puppies – tend to be more inclined toward submission and dependency on humans. They may need extra support in socialization and confidence-building, but they are often very easy to handle and form strong bonds with their owners. They are well-suited for people who appreciate a close relationship with their dog but may require a gentler approach in training.
Application of PAT Tests in Breeding and Training
PAT tests are particularly useful for matching puppies to families with different expectations – whether as a sports dog, a working dog, or a family companion.
As a breeder, trainer, and behaviorist, I consider this a valuable tool. It primarily provides new information gained from observing a puppy in entirely new, unfamiliar conditions. Many breeders criticize PAT tests, believing that the breeder knows their puppies best. I do not dispute this view, but knowing one’s puppies is still based on collecting data and observing creatures that feel safe and comfortable with us. These same animals may display entirely different coping strategies in new, unknown situations – and that is the true power of these tests.
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